Archive for the ‘心靈雞湯’ Category

空中碰碰車

July 9, 2007
Noted from http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/goodchessclub/article?mid=1563&prev=-1&next=1556

如果飛機失事的話, 我們全都死. 但是悲痛和恐懼也不能拯救他們.

作者可能曾跟周星馳在回魂夜中一起練膽大, ha.

[I] was flying out on a red-eye [from Portland, Oregon] to Cincinnati, Ohio.
During many years of travel, I’ve often flown in very bad weather, but
it quickly became evident that this was going to be an unusually rough
trip. About half an hour after takeoff, just as dinner was being
served, the pilot announced that rough weather was ahead and that we
should keep our seatbelts on. [...] Then, suddenly, we hit a magnitude
of turbulence like nothing I had ever experienced before; it was
awesome in its violence. It seemed as though the plane suddenly dropped
hundreds of feet like a stone, nearly flipped over on its back, and
then righted itself. I had been in pretty wild turbulence in my life,
but nothing that remotely compared to this. I could hear the plane give
out metallic groans, and I wondered how long it could withstand this
kind of force.

By
now, everyone on the plane was screaming - even the flight attendants.
The plane was flipping. dropping, rolling, and rising like some new and
vicious amusement-park ride. Boxes and suitcases were failing out of
the overhead bins. Drinks and food were spilling everywhere. It was
chaos. People were throwing up into paper bags and all over themselves.
The smell of vomit soon permeated the cabin. The pilot came on again,
and fear could be heard in his voice. He said that this new weather
pattern had taken ground control completely by surprise, and all he
could do was fly us through it.

The buffeting was simply
brutal. We had been in the turbulence not more than five minutes, but
it seemed like hours. The woman next to me was wailing and leaning
toward me as though I might afford some protection; the people behind
me were sobbing; the panic was almost tangible. Someone was chanting
the Lord’s Prayer. I was petrified.

I sat back, closed my eyes,
and tried to think things through. I knew I was terrified and my body
was in a state close to panic. [...] I told myself I had to change it
right then. I rested my head against the back of my seat, closed my
eyes, and intentionally moved the muscles of my face in the direction
of a smile. I knew that to turn the fear cells off in the amygdala,
I would have to use a powerful image. I tried success images, power
images, sexual images; suddenly, out of nowhere, came an image that I
had not thought of since I was a young boy. I was born and raised in a
sub-urb of Denver called Wheatridge. During the summer months, my
buddies and I would ride our bikes to a nearby amusement park called
Elitches. My absolutely favorite ride was the bumper cars. We would get
behind the wheel of a car and go nuts bumping anybody and everybody who
got in our way. I suddenly saw myself laughing and having the life of
my life as I sideswiped and collided with other cars. I could even hear
the carousel music. The screaming on the plane became the screaming of
people having fun. Within seconds, my entire physiology changed. The
fear cells turned off. The amygdala was completely fooled into
believing that I was actually riding the bumper cars at Elitches – not
being transported on a plane that was struggling to remain airborne.

I
was told later that the plane was caught in the wild eye of that
turbulence for over 40 minutes. I had no sense that so much time had
passed; I knew that the plane was in a great fight and might not make
it; I knew there was a real chance of being hurt; I even was aware that
we were about to land and that the airstrip was engulfed in high winds
all the way to touchdown. But I remained deep inside my images. I was
having a wonderful time in the Denver summer of my youth. After
touchdown, I opened my eyes and almost wanted to say, “Was that a great
flight or what!” I’m sure the people around me must have thought I had
gone completely mad when they looked over and saw the big smile on my
face during the flight.

[...] I knew that if I asked any of
those people why they felt the way they did, they would look at me as
though I was crazy. “It’s the turbulence, stupid,” they would answer,
as though it were the most obvious thing in the world. But the
turbulence did not cause their distress. I was in the turbulence too,
and it didn’t defeat me. What happened to them was independent of the
turbulence; it was a physiological state they allowed themselves to be
trapped in. They didn’t have to be trapped that way. I was saved
enormous grief and anguish. If the plane had crashed, we would have all died. Their grief and anguish would neither have saved them nor killed them.
They had allowed a negative state to invade inside themselves. I
refused to go through all that needless misery; it wasn’t necessary and
it wouldn’t have protected me from anything.

– James E. Loehr, Stress for Success (1997, pp. 114-116). Times Books.

心理大師馴鴿記

July 9, 2007
Noted from http://hk.myblog.yahoo.com/goodchessclub/article?mid=1552&prev=1556&next=1550

美國心理學家 B. F. Skinner 是對訓練動物很有一手,曾異想天開地想把鴿子用在軍事用途上。網球教練 Tim Gallwey 在以下段落裡,記載了 Skinner 的一次即場馴鴿示範,並且有所感悟:

Our
common tendency to be fooled into chasing rewards which ultimately
don’t satisfy us reminds me of an experiment conducted by B. F. Skinner, the Harvard behaviorist,
on pigeons. I observed this experiment in a course I took in 1957
called Natural Science 114: The Science of Human Behavior. One day
Skinner brought out his “Skinner box
with a pigeon inside, and asked the class what we wanted it to do.
“Have him jump on his left foot in counterclockwise circles,”
challenged one of the more arrogant sophomores mockingly.

Within
ten minutes, the pigeon was doing exactly that— hopping crazily in
counterclockwise circles on his left foot. I was awed and a little
frightened. The procedure was so simple. Skinner’s cage was equipped
with a light, bell and food trough, each of them triggered by a control
box which he held in his hand. Skinner simply watched the random
behavior of the pigeon until it showed the first element of the desired
behavior—say, a weighting of the left foot. At exactly the right
moment, he pushed his button, and on went the light, the bell rang, and
the food trough opened. The pigeon ate and then continued its random
movement until again it leaned on its left foot and again was rewarded
with food. Within a few minutes the bird was spending a lot of time on
its left foot, but the process had taken quite a while and at this rate
it looked as if it would take Skinner hours to train the pigeon to
achieve the more complicated requirement of jumping in counterclockwise
circles. But now he instituted a trick: with every desired
element of behavior the pigeon made, he would push another button which
turned on the light and rang the bell, but didn’t open the food trough!

Thereafter the training proceeded rapidly, since it was no longer
interrupted by the pigeon’s eating time. The light and bell themselves,
by being closely associated with the food, had become sufficient reward
to get the bird to do what Skinner wanted, and within five more minutes
it was hopping on its left foot in counterclockwise circles.

At
that time I had only a faint glimmer of the parallel between the
pigeon’s fate and my own. At the beginning of the experiment the bird
was getting what it really wanted: food. From its point of view, it
could be said to be training Skinner to give him food simply by
standing on its left foot. Both were getting what they wanted by
cooperating. But soon it became clear who was playing whose game. With
only a symbolic reward and no real satisfaction, the pigeon was dancing
to Skinner’s tune, showing itself for what it was: simply a pigeon,
conned into working for a false reward.

To be sure, after some
time the light and the bell would have lost their power unless
reassociated with the real reward, the food. But it seems to be a
unique attribute of human beings that they will chase symbolic rewards
to the point of death without recognizing that they are missing the
real thing. So the smart pigeon discriminates in every situation what
winning really means for him, and continually reappraises its goals so
that it doesn’t exhaust itself chasing appearances.

人總會追求形象上的獎賞, 就好像鴿子被燈和聲控制一樣, 忘記了真正的獎賞. 聰明的鴿子能不能在不同的情況下重新估計而不至於拼死追求表象呢?

– Timothy Gallwey, Inner Tennis (1976, pp. 154-155). Random House.

陳毅戒煙

June 18, 2007
小故事, 有點意思…

陳毅煙癮很大,然而終於戒掉了,其秘訣據說在於一個“毅”字,也就是毅力和決心。從戰爭年代開始直至出任上海市長期間,由於公務繁忙 ,陳毅總是一支
接一支地吸個不停。有一次他的司機老常笑著問他:“陳老總,你的煙癮怎麼這麼大?你說,吸煙究竟有多大好處?”陳毅搖搖頭嘆道:“吸煙對人體一點好處也沒
有。有時,我覺著煙卷在燃燒,感到自己也隨著毀滅哩!”“那你為啥要吸這麼多煙呢?”司機追問。 陳毅坦率地說:“惰性!惰性!我戒過幾回也沒戒掉。哪天
忙閑了,就不再吸了。”

  1954年陳毅患了氣管炎,他立即表示堅決戒煙。當時站在他身旁的司機聽后一笑,露出懷疑的神情。這時陳毅自
己也笑了,但嚴肅地說:“老常,這回可不是說著玩的,你就監督我吧!我陳毅隻要下了決心,就能說到做到。”接著又意味深長地說:“我小時候的名字叫世俊,
長大了大號促弘,后來我覺得萬事成功都得有毅力才行,就又改名叫陳毅。這回戒煙,我就拿出點毅力給你們看看。”

  后來,陳老總果然戒了煙。有一次他去見毛主席,主席請他吸煙,他說:“戒了!”毛主席表揚他說:“好啊!你有志氣啊!”

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